Machine Learning in Finance: Working, Use Cases, Future
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The recent years have seen a rapid acceleration in the pace of disruptive technologies such as AI and ML in Finance due to improved software and hardware. The finance sector, specifically, has seen a steep rise in the use cases of machine learning applications to advance better outcomes for both consumers and businesses.
Machine Learning In Finance
Until recently, only hedge funds were the primary users of AI and ML in finance. However, in the last few years, the applications of artificial intelligence solutions have spread to various other areas, including banks, fintech, regulators, and insurance firms, among others.
Right from speeding up the underwriting process, portfolio composition and optimization, model validation, Robo-advising, market impact analysis, to offering alternative credit reporting methods, the different use cases of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are having a significant impact on the financial sector.
The finance industry, including the banks, trading, and fintech firms, are rapidly deploying machine algorithms to automate time-consuming, mundane processes, and offering a far more streamlined and personalized customer experience.
How Does Machine Learning In Finance Work?
Machine Learning works by extracting meaningful insights from raw sets of data and provides accurate results. This information is then used to solve complex and data-rich problems that are critical to the banking & finance sector.
Further, machine learning algorithms are equipped to learn from data, processes, and techniques used to find different insights.
Challenges Faced by Finance Companies While Implementing Machine Learning Solutions
While developing machine learning solutions, financial services companies generally encounter some of the common problems as discussed below –
Lack of understanding about business KPIs
Financial services companies want to exploit this great opportunity, but owing to unrealistic expectations and lack of clarity on how AI and Machine Learning works (and why they need it), they often fail in this aspect.
The high cost of R&D
Financial services companies often struggle with data management having fragmented chunks of data stored at different locations such as reporting software, regional data hubs, CRMs, and so on. Getting this data ready for data science projects is both time consuming and an expensive task for companies.
The combination of all such challenges results in unrealistic estimates, and eats up the entire budget of the project. This is the reason why finance companies need to set realistic expectations for every machine learning services project depending on their specific business objectives.
4 Benefits of Machine Learning in Finance
Here are some reasons why banking and financial services firms should consider using Machine Learning despite the above-said challenges.
1. Enhanced Productivity
Machine learning offers real-time solutions to time-consuming tasks by making complex decisions and accurate predictions. It also handles repetitive tasks, augments human capabilities, allows employees to perform other business functions, and increases productivity.
2. Improved Customer Experience
Chatbots and virtual assistants can offer fast and convenient services to customers 24/7. Additionally, personalized recommendations decrease the gap between decision and purchase. Plus, machine learning can be leveraged to predict customer needs and offer proactive solutions. These attributes help streamline the customer experience.
3. Reduced Operational Costs
Once implemented, machine learning can perform many tasks that initially require a longer completion time while also decreasing the number of steps within the process. These aspects decrease the operational costs associated with different processes.
4. Better Security and Compliance
Machine learning can also learn user behavior and patterns of potential security threats and counter them with appropriate security measures. ML can prevent security breaches and suggest lapses within your system.
In addition, as financial organizations must adhere to many regulations to avoid civil and criminal penalties, machine learning can flag potential compliance issues and avoid reputational damage.
Machine Learning Use Cases in Finance
Here are a few use cases where machine learning algorithms can be/are being used in the finance sector –
Financial Monitoring
Machine learning algorithms can be used to enhance network security significantly. Data scientists are always working on training systems to detect flags such as money laundering techniques, which can be prevented by financial monitoring. The future holds a high possibility of machine learning technologies powering the most advanced cybersecurity networks.
Making Investment Predictions
The fact that machine learning-enabled technologies give advanced market insights allows the fund managers to identify specific market changes much earlier as compared to the traditional investment models.
With renowned firms such as Bank of America, JPMorgan, and Morgan Stanley investing heavily in ML technologies to develop automated investment advisors, the disruption in the investment banking industry is quite evident.
Process Automation
Machine Learning powered solutions allow finance companies to completely replace manual work by automating repetitive tasks through intelligent process automation for enhanced business productivity. Chatbots, paperwork automation, and employee training gamification are some of the examples of process automation in finance using machine learning. This enables finance companies to improve their customer experience, reduce costs, and scale up their services.
Further, Machine Learning technology can easily access the data, interpret behaviors, follow and recognize the patterns. This could be readily used for customer support systems that can work similar to a real human and solve all of the customers’ unique queries.
An example of this is Wells Fargo using ML-driven chatbot through the Facebook Messenger to communicate with its users effectively. The chatbot helps customers get all the information they need regarding their accounts and passwords.
Secure Transactions
Machine Learning algorithms are excellent at detecting transactional frauds by analyzing millions of data points that tend to go unnoticed by humans. Further, ML also reduces the number of false rejections and helps improve the precision of real-time approvals. These models are generally built on the client’s behavior on the internet and transaction history.
Apart from spotting fraudulent behavior with high accuracy, ML-powered technology is also equipped to identify suspicious account behavior and prevent fraud in real-time instead of detecting them after the crime has already been committed.
According to a research, for almost every $1 lost to fraud, the recovery costs borne by financial institutions are close to $2.92.
One of the most successful applications of ML is credit card fraud detection. Banks are generally equipped with monitoring systems that are trained on historical payments data. Algorithm training, validation, and backtesting are based on vast datasets of credit card transaction data. ML-powered classification algorithms can easily label events as fraud versus non-fraud to stop fraudulent transactions in real-time.
Risk Management
Using machine learning techniques, banks and financial institutions can significantly lower the risk levels by analyzing a massive volume of data sources. Unlike the traditional methods which are usually limited to essential information such as credit score, ML can analyze significant volumes of personal information to reduce their risk.
Various insights gathered by machine learning technology also provide banking and financial services organizations with actionable intelligence to help them make subsequent decisions. An example of this could be machine learning programs tapping into different data sources for customers applying for loans and assigning risk scores to them. ML algorithms could then easily predict the customers who are at risk for defaulting on their loans to help companies rethink or adjust terms for each customer.
Algorithmic Trading
Machine Learning in trading is another excellent example of an effective use case in the finance industry. Algorithmic Trading (AT) has, in fact, become a dominant force in global financial markets.
ML-based solutions and models allow trading companies to make better trading decisions by closely monitoring the trade results and news in real-time to detect patterns that can enable stock prices to go up or down.
Machine learning algorithms can also analyze hundreds of data sources simultaneously, giving the traders a distinct advantage over the market average. Some of the other benefits of Algorithm Trading include –
- Increased accuracy and reduced chances of mistakes
- AT allows trades to be executed at the best possible prices
- Human errors are likely to be reduced substantially
- Enables the automatic and simultaneous checking of multiple market conditions
Financial Advisory
There are various budget management apps powered by machine learning, which can offer customers the benefit of highly specialized and targeted financial advice and guidance. Machine Learning algorithms not only allow customers to track their spending on a daily basis using these apps but also help them analyze this data to identify their spending patterns, followed by identifying the areas where they can save.
One of the other rapidly emerging trends in this context is Robo-advisors. Working like regular advisors, they specifically target investors with limited resources (individuals and small to medium-sized businesses) who wish to manage their funds. These ML-based Robo-advisors can apply traditional data processing techniques to create financial portfolios and solutions such as trading, investments, retirement plans, etc. for their users.
Customer Data Management
When it comes to banks and financial institutions, data is the most crucial resource, making efficient data management central to the growth and success of the business.
The massive volume and structural diversity of financial data from mobile communications, social media activity to transactional details, and market data make it a big challenge even for financial specialists to process it manually.
Integrating machine learning techniques to manage such large volumes of data can bring both process efficiency and the benefit of extracting real intelligence from data. AI and ML tools such as data analytics, data mining, and natural language processing, help to get valuable insights from data for better business profitability.
An excellent example of this could be machine learning algorithms used for analyzing the influence of market developments and specific financial trends from the financial data of the customers.
Decision-Making
Banking and financial institutions can use Machine Learning algorithms to analyze both structured and unstructured data. E.g., customer requests, social media interactions, and various business processes internal to the company, and discover trends (both useful and potentially dangerous) to assess risk and help customers make informed decisions accurately.
Customer Service Level Improvement
Using an intelligent chatbot, customers can get all their queries resolved in terms of finding out their monthly expenses, loan eligibility, affordable insurance plan, and much more.
Further, there are several ML-based applications which, when connected to a payment system, can analyze accounts and let customers save and grow their money. Sophisticated ML algorithms can be used to analyze user behavior and develop customized offers. For example, a customer looking to invest in a financial plan can be benefitted from a personalized investment offer after the ML algorithm analyses his/her existing financial situation.
Customer Retention Program
Credit card companies can use ML technology to predict at-risk customers and specifically retain selected ones out of these. Based on user demographic data and transaction activity, they can easily predict user behavior and design offers specifically for these customers.
The application here includes a predictive, binary classification model to find out the customers at risk, followed by utilizing a recommender model to determine best-suited card offers that can help to retain these customers.
Marketing
The ability of AI and Machine Learning models to make accurate predictions based on past behavior makes them a great marketing tool. From analyzing the mobile app usage, web activity, and responses to previous ad campaigns, machine learning algorithms can help to create a robust marketing strategy for finance companies.
Future Prospects of Machine Learning In Finance
While some of the applications of machine learning in banking & finance are clearly known and visible such as chatbots and mobile banking apps, the ML algorithms and technology are now being gradually used for innovative future applications as well, by drawing out historical data of customers accurately and predicting their future.
Apart from the established use cases of machine learning in finance, as discussed in the above section, there are several other promising applications that ML technology can offer in the future. While few of these have relatively active applications today, others are still at a nascent stage.
Recommendations or Sales of Different Financial Products
Although there are various applications of automated financial product sales/recommendations existing even today, some of them involve rule-based systems (instead of machine learning) where data still goes through manual resources to be able to recommend trades or investments to customers.
The future will see ML and AI technologies being actively used by insurance recommendation sites to suggest customers a particular home or vehicle insurance policy. Further, an interesting trend to watch in the future would be Robo-advisors suggesting changes in portfolios and a rapid rise of ML-based personalized apps and personal assistants offering more objective and reliable advisory services to the customers.
Enhanced Security
Data security in banking & finance is a critically important area. With all the information available online, organizations find it increasingly challenging to keep all the usernames, passwords, and security questions safe. The next few years will see a dramatic shift in this area where passwords, usernames, and security questions may no longer be the norm for user security.
Taking the security a notch higher, machine learning applications will transform future security within the industry with adoption of voice recognition, facial recognition, or other similar biometric data.
Adyen, Payoneer, Paypal, Stripe, and Skrill happen to some of the companies that have invested heavily in security machine learning.
Customer Sentiment Analysis
Machine learning models can be of great help to finance companies when it comes to analyzing current market trends, predicting the changes, and social media usage for every customer.
Because human factors primarily drive the stock market, businesses need to learn from the financial activity of users continuously. Further, consumer sentiment analysis can also complement current information on different types of commercial and economic developments.
Better Customer Service
An increasing number of financial institutions are now prioritizing customer engagement for obvious reasons. Apart from helping them improve retention rates, it also helps them understand user behavior and their changing concerns and needs. An excellent example of this is the financial chatbots used for instant communication with the customer.
The future is going to see these chat assistants being built with an abundance of finance-specific customer interaction tools and robust natural language processing engines to allow for swift interaction and querying.
While this kind of specialized chatbot experience is not the norm today in the banking or finance industry, it holds great potential for the future. This is one application that goes beyond just machine learning in finance and is likely to be seen in a variety of other fields and industries.
Machine Learning in Finance – What’s Next?
Machine Learning today plays a crucial role in different aspects of the financial ecosystem from managing assets, assessing risks, providing investment advice, dealing with fraud in finance, document authentication and much more.
While ML algorithms are dealing with a myriad of tasks, they are constantly learning from the volumes of data, and bridging the gap by bringing the world closer to a completely automated financial system.
For most of the financial companies, the need is to start with identifying the right set of use cases with an experienced machine learning services partner, who can develop and implement the right models by focusing on specific data and business domain after thorough understanding of the expected output that is going to be extracted from different sources, transform it, and get the desired results.
At Maruti Techlabs, we work with banking and financial institutions on a myriad of custom AI and ML based models for unique use cases that help in improving revenue, reduce costs and mitigate risks in different departments. To learn more, write to us at hello@marutitech.com or get in touch with us, for a no-cost consultation and see how we can help you build and implement a long term AI strategy.
FAQs
1. How can machine learning improve risk management in financial services?
Machine learning enhances forecasting accuracy due to its ability to observe nonlinear effects between scenario variables and risk factors, improving risk management.
2. What are the benefits of using machine learning for fraud detection?
Machine learning can identify suspicious activities on the spot by analyzing a large amount of data, including user behavior, device information, transaction history, and fraudulent patterns.
3. How is machine learning used for algorithmic trading and investment strategies?
Machine learning algorithms can automatically discover patterns and insights from data, suggesting important investment options and strategies.
4. What role does machine learning play in credit scoring and lending decisions?
Machine learning encapsulates a wide array of data points with improved accuracy to offer an exact picture of the borrower’s creditworthiness. This results in precise credit scores and better loan decisions.
5. How can machine learning enhance customer experience in financial services?
Customer services empowered with machine learning offer 24/7 accessibility and personalization, adding immense value to the consumer experience.
6. What are the challenges of implementing machine learning in finance?
Challenges faced while implementing machine learning in finance include:
- Incomplete understanding of how ML as a technology works
- Expectation management
- Devising cost-effective solutions
- Algorithmic bias
- Improper training programs for employees
